Demographic Profile of Diabetic Patients

Demographic Profile of Diabetic PatientsINTRODUCTIONBackground of the StudyIn the last few decades, the world preponderance of diabetes among adults have increased more than twice, and expected to ascend to 380 million by 2030, according to a report from the InternationalDiabetes Institute.1 About 3.4 million, roughly 4.6 percent of the total macrocosm in the Philippines are diabetics. This figure is expected to rise to 7.8 million in the next 15 years.2Despite such(prenominal) high incidence, awareness on diabetes, its complications and discussion remain major challenges, particularly in developing countries such as the Philippines. Prevention through tolerant education is imperative because the burden of disease on health aid and its economic implications are of great magnitude. There is a signifi adviset amount of evidence that patient education is one of the close to effective focusing to lessen the complications of diabetes. 3,4,5,6 When coupled with appropriate medications , it is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality.3 Patient education is more likely to be effective if we know the characteristic of the patients in price of what they know about their disease, their attitude towards it and what they practice in their medications, diet and lifestyle.Very few studies has been made on our country to find the prevailing awareness, attitudes and practices among diabetic patients, 7,8,9 which can aid in the development of future health education interventions targeting the disease.In this study, we give determine the demographic characteristics of diabetic patients denoteing at the Diabetes Clinic of a tertiary hospital in Davao City and prise their level of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the relationship of KAP and glycemic simpleness among type 2 diabetic patients in an urban health care facility. come off OF RELATED LITERATUREIn the Philippines, the prevalence of diabetes according to the NNHE S (National Nutrition Health Survey) study is approximately 4.6-7.2%. This figure expands to 17.8% later adding those who have pre-diabetes ( impair fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance or both) which has a prevalence of 10.6%. 2Therefore, one out of every 5 Filipino could potentially have diabetes mellitus or pre-diabetes.As such, the increasing class of its incidence rate is causing alarm among medical practitioners, and among affected patients as well. In the context of an alarming increase in the magnitude of type 2 diabetes mellitus in our country, the prevailing knowledge, attitudes and practices of these diabetic patients assume immense importance in the control of the disease.Across the globe, a number of studies have been done about perceptual experience and practice of diabetic patients10-14, especially in third world countries. An Indian study made by Mukhopadhyay, et al 2010, looked into the perceptions and practices of patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II in a tertiary hospital.11 In the Philippines, a similar study was done in the rural community of San Juan, Batangas, Philippines. A total of 156 diabetic residents were included as participants of the survey. cognition scores were relatively low, with an overall mean of 43%. There were also poor positive responses to attitude scale. The study emphasized the importance of evaluating knowledge, attitudes and practices as all-important(a) means to understand observed behaviors and guide behavioral change.7According to the American Diabetic Association, self-importance management education is defined as the process of providing the soulfulness with diabetes the knowledge and skill that is needed to perform self care, manage immediate concerns and make life style changes. 3 To achieve such effective self care, diabetic patients and their doctors should work hand-in-hand together. Some studies have shown that self-care among individuals with type 2 diabetes had improved glycemic contro l and reduced complications 15, 16, 17.For people with diabetes, self-management education training is vital since diabetics and their families provide most of their care themselves. It is imperative that regular patient counseling and group education at follow-up visits by health care professionals to help in ameliorate patients knowledge and ultimately modify their practices. 19However, in our setting, adequate diabetes self-management education programs are lacking or weak in most government hospitals in tertiary care. Hence, results of this study could help us design our education programs targeting certain groups or issues that needs further strengthening. look for QuestionWhat is the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices and its association with glycemic control among persons with type 2 diabetes in the Diabetes Clinic of Southern Phiilppines Medical Center?Significance of the StudyThe study leave behind contribute to the understanding of the current status of diabete s care in our local setting, and help in the implementation of programs that would address pressing needs in our patient education and management, based on their knowledge, attitude and practices. It will also help us identify the association of KAP and glycemic control, and further assess the impact of diabetes self-management in disease control.ObjectivesGeneral Objective1. To determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of patients with type 2 diabetes in the Diabetes clinic of a tertiary hospital.Specific ObjectivesTo determine the demographic profile of the diabetic patients in the Diabetic clinic of a tertiary hospital in Davao City, in terms of AgeGenderHighest level of educational attainmentEmployment statusDuration of diabetesAntidiabetic medicationsCo-morbiditiesTo determine the association between patient factors such as age, sex, level of education, employment status, eon of diabetes, antidiabetic medications and co-morbidities and their level of knowledge, attitud es, and practices (KAP) regarding diabetesTo establish the association between the patients KAP and their corresponding glycemic control based on HBA1c levelsMETHODOLOGYResearch DesignThe study will employ a clinic-based, cross-sectional analytic study design.Research SettingThis study will be conducted at the Diabetes outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Davao City, from May 2014 to June 2014.ParticipantsAll patients who are diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (T2 DM) who are seeking consult at the Diabetes Clinic in a tertiary hospital for the period of May to June 2014.Inclusion CriteriaPatients must be a diagnosed case of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 based on the succeeding(a) criteriaPlasma glucose 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) after an overnight fastFasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours up to a maximum of 14 hours,orTwo-hour plasma glucose 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) during an Oral Glucose Tolerance TestThe test should be performed as described by the World Health Organization, using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water after an overnight fast of between 8 and 14 hours,orA random plasma glucose 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) in a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (weight loss, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia) or with signs and symptoms of hyperglycaemic crisis.Patient must have informed consent.Exclusion CriteriaPatients who does not meet the criteria for T2 DM but are seeking consult at the Diabetes clinic Impaired fasting glycemia and Impaired glucose intolerance.Patients who have intellect impairment and could not participate in the surveySampling ProceduresAll the DMT2 patients visiting the diabetes amount of money during this period will be identified using the convenient sampling method. Assuming that the prevalence of knowledge among Filipinos is 43% 7 and estimating the proportion within 95% confidence interval with 5% error, the sample size is 168( Raosoft Sam ple size formula).Data CollectionThe data will be collected by freehand out pretested predesigned questionnaire to participants with informed consent. Pre-testing of the questionnaire will be done prior to the research proper. Relevant information from the participants will be gathered including age, gender, highest educational attainment, employment status, duration of diabetes, antidiabetic medications and co-morbidities. Questions pertaining to their knowledge, attitudes and practices will be given in order to assess their corresponding levels. The KAP questionnaire will be adapted from a Malaysian study by Shu Hui Ng et al 15, Reality vs Illusion Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Diabetic Patients. The questionnaire has been used in previous KAP studies among diabetics and has proven to be a reliable tool. The self-administered questionnaire had a total of 25 questions (knowledge-14, attitude-5, and practice-6). Each correct answer will be given a score of one and the wron g answer was given a score of zero. Good knowledge attitude and/or practice will be considered if a patient attains 50% of the total score for each domain.To assess the relationship between KAP towards DM and the actual disease control, most recent(4 +/- 2 weeks) levels of HbA1c will be obtained from the patient records. HbA1C 7% is considered to have poor control of DM.A. main(a) VariablesIndependent Variables include sex, age, educational attainment, current employment status, co-morbidities, latest hba1c result.B. Dependent VariablesDependent Variables include levels of knowledge, attitude and practicesData Handling and AnalysisThe principal police detective will ensure that all data collected in the study were of utmost confidential nature. Data analysis will be performed to ensure caliber results using frequency, percentage, and statistical analysis.The chi-square test will be used to determine the relationship between KAP and t-test to assess the association between KAP an d diabetes control. Spearman correlation test will be used to determine the association between knowledge and attitude, and between knowledge and practice. The level of statistical significance will be set at p